The Hydration, Mechanical, Autogenous Shrinkage, Durability, and Sustainability Properties of Cement–Limestone–Slag Ternary Composites

This study examines the hydration–mechanical–autogenous shrinkage–durability–sustainability properties of ternary composites with limestone filler (LF) and ground-granulated blast furnace slag (BFS). Four mixtures were prepared a water/binder ratio 0.3 different replacement ratios varying from 0 to 45%. Multiple experimental studies performed at various ages. The results are summarized as follows: (1) As levels increased, compressive strength autogenous shrinkage (AS) decreased, this relationship was linear. (2) cumulative hydration heat decreased. At age 3 7 days, there linear between heat. (3) Out all mixtures, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) electrical resistivity exhibited rapid increase in early stages tended slow down latter stages. There crossover UPV among specimens. In later stages, composite specimens higher than plain (4) X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that LF BFS have synergistic effect. (5) With increasing ratios, CO2 emissions per unit reduced, indicating sustainability composites.